Which of the following is considered a corporate crime against the environment?

The correct response, which identifies dumping toxic waste illegally as a corporate crime against the environment, highlights the direct harm that this action inflicts on ecosystems and public health. Corporate crime against the environment specifically refers to illegal acts committed by businesses that result in environmental degradation. Dumping toxic waste can lead to soil and water contamination, negatively affecting wildlife and communities, and violating environmental regulations designed to protect the environment and public health.

In contrast, financial fraud, bribing officials, and selling defective products, while serious corporate crimes, do not inherently involve the environment. Financial fraud primarily concerns misleading financial practices that can harm investors and the economy. Bribing officials is related to corruption and unethical business practices but does not directly result in environmental damage. Selling defective products poses risks to consumer safety but does not necessarily pertain to environmental issues. Each of these actions can indeed have serious ramifications, but dumping toxic waste directly targets environmental harm, which is why it aptly fits the definition of corporate crime against the environment.