Which factor has contributed to perceptions of crime in modern society, according to Young?

The role of media saturation and cultural inclusion in shaping perceptions of crime in modern society, as argued by Young, highlights the significant impact that media representations have on public attitudes towards crime. In today's highly interconnected world, media outlets — including news broadcasts, social media, and entertainment — constantly portray crime and deviance, often sensationalizing events and creating vivid imagery that captures public attention. This pervasive coverage can distort perceptions, leading individuals to believe that crime rates are higher than they actually are, or that certain groups are more involved in criminal activity.

Moreover, media can influence cultural narratives surrounding crime, portraying specific demographics in particular ways that reinforce stereotypes. This can contribute to a cycle where fear and anxiety about crime increase, regardless of actual crime statistics. This aspect of perception is critical in sociological studies, as it shows how societal understanding of crime is not only shaped by lived experiences but also heavily influenced by the mediated realities that people consume.

The other options, such as increased community support networks, development of strict law enforcement protocols, and promotion of economic equality, focus on factors that might reduce crime or improve community relations rather than explicitly addressing how perceptions of crime are formed. While these elements can play a role in the broader discussion of crime, they do not directly engage