What is a possible outcome of societal reactions according to Lemert?

According to Lemert's theory of deviance, one significant outcome of societal reactions is the establishment of a deviant career due to stigma. Lemert distinguishes between primary deviance, which is the initial act of rule-breaking, and secondary deviance, which occurs when a person is labeled as deviant by society. This label often leads to a stigmatization process, where the individual internalizes the deviant identity as a result of societal reactions.

When society labels someone as deviant, it can restrict their opportunities and change their interactions with others, reinforcing the deviant behavior. This labeling can push individuals towards a deviant subculture where they may fully embrace the deviant identity and engage in further deviance, thus developing a 'deviant career.' The concept highlights how societal reactions can significantly impact individual behavior and can contribute to the perpetuation of deviance over time.