What does Wilson and Herrnstein (1985) identify as a major determinant of crime in their biosocial theory?

Wilson and Herrnstein's biosocial theory highlights low intelligence as a significant factor influencing criminal behavior. Their perspective integrates biological and social elements, suggesting that individuals with lower intelligence may struggle with problem-solving, impulse control, and understanding the consequences of their actions. This cognitive limitation can lead to higher susceptibility to criminal activities, as these individuals might not fully grasp the risks and societal norms that deter crime.

The theory emphasizes that while social structures and environmental factors play a role in crime, the inherent biological characteristics, such as intelligence, can be a critical determinant. It illustrates a nuanced understanding of crime that goes beyond mere societal influences, pointing to individual traits that interplay with social dynamics. This means that although other factors like weak social structures, lack of community support, and poor family relationships can contribute to criminal behavior, the foundational element of low intelligence can directly affect a person's propensity to engage in criminal acts.