Institutionalized offenses often involve which of the following?

Institutionalized offenses typically refer to crimes that are committed within formal structures, often by individuals or groups who hold positions of power within institutions. These offenses usually arise from the operations and norms of these institutions rather than from individual malfeasance alone. White-collar crimes, such as embezzlement, are classic examples of institutionalized offenses. They often occur in business, government, or other organizational contexts where individuals exploit their roles for personal gain, which reflects the broader systems in which such actions are embedded.

In contrast, public disturbances, street crimes like theft, and cyberbullying are typically not categorized as institutionalized offenses because they are more likely to involve direct and individual actions outside the frameworks of established institutions. While these crimes can occur within societal structures, they do not typically reflect the practices or norms of an organization itself, which is a critical component of what makes a crime institutionalized.