According to Carlen's findings, many women experienced what disadvantage in relation to family life?

Carlen's research highlights that many women face significant disadvantages in relation to family life, particularly in the form of physical and sexual abuse. Her study emphasizes how these experiences are tied to broader societal norms and structures that place women in vulnerable positions within their families. Such abuse not only affects their immediate well-being but also influences their choices and opportunities in life, creating cycles of disadvantage.

In the context of family dynamics, women often find themselves subjected to patriarchal control and violence, which can limit their autonomy, opportunities for empowerment, and ability to escape abusive situations. This reality underscores the links between gender, family structure, and experiences of victimization, framing abuse not just as individual acts, but as part of systemic issues. Therefore, highlighting the prevalence and impact of such abuses offers crucial insights into the challenges women face, reinforcing the significance of addressing these issues within discussions of crime and deviance.